Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)
Object oriented analysis and design provides a way to see objects in a similar way to see a system.
Wikipedia: Object Oriented Analysis and Design
The approach is very similar to the approach proposed in General Systems Theory.
The approach was originally proposed by James Martin and then integrated into a unified approach using the more formal OOAD
The relationships are:
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System = Object
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Properties = Attributes or Property
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System Elements = White Box (elements visible) or Black box (elements not visible).
Other modelling approaches from Software Engineering also fit in this space: Yourden, Gane and Sarson.
See Cellular Automation as an example of OOAD.
More to be added in this area (initial thinking).